By Mary Bottari and Jonas Persson

When he was elected in 2010, Kansas Governor Sam Brownback began to slash core government services and privatize the rest. His austerity politics resulted in the state being downgraded by S&P in August 2014, and his privatization initiatives have also drawn criticism, causing one leading Republican to state, "I had hoped that it wouldn't be as extreme as it's been ... what we didn't know was that Sam would use this state as crash test dummies for his own fiscal experiments."

Kids receiving child support payments from absent parents would be among Brownback's first crash test dummies.

While Kansas partially outsourced the enforcement of child support to private corporations and law firms in 1997, the private players were only awarded around 20 percent of the contracts; the rest went to public state agencies. In March 2013, however, the Kansas Department of Children and Families (DCF) announced that all child support services would be outsourced, and a request for proposal was issued. Not limited to enforcement, the contracts would include services connected to court petitioning, locating parents, and establishing paternity, which had never been in private hands before.

"Collection is a function that can be carried out more efficiently and more cost-effectively by private companies," DCF secretary Phyllis Gilmore said at a press conference. Similar blanket statements, seldom backed by empirical evidence, are often echoed by privatization proponents, regardless of which public services they want to outsource. In this particular case, there is little evidence to support Gilmore's sound bite. A 2013 report on the privatization of child support services commissioned by the Mississippi Legislature, for example, concluded that "the significant additional cost of privatization would outweigh the potential additional benefits."

Child support is indispensable for hundreds of thousands of vulnerable Kansans, mostly single women and children. Nationally child support "represents 40 percent of family income for poor families who receive it, and reduces the poverty rate for children in these families by nearly 25 percent," say experts [3].

The outsourcing of social services involving vulnerable population is backed by influential groups like the American Legislative Exchange Council [4] (ALEC), which has developed a raft of model bills to privatize state services [5] and has had model bills to privatize child support services and foster care services since the late 1990s.

According to research group In the Public Interest [6], a comprehensive resource center on privatization and responsible contracting, "many children and adults rely on government-provided health and human services. The ability of these programs to deliver services efficiently and appropriately can be a matter of life and death. Numerous state and local governmental entities are finding that turning over these programs to private contractors not only fails to achieve projected cost savings but also decreases access to these important services, hurting many vulnerable families. In many cases, the service quality declines dramatically and many sick or at-risk people are left with substandard care."

In June 2013, DCF announced that four firms had been awarded contracts. The winner among the winners was YoungWilliams -- a nationwide company based in Mississippi -- that received two-thirds of the caseloads or 85,000 child support cases, worth some $50 million. While YoungWilliams boasted that it landed the contract because of its "innovative service delivery structure," there might be more to it than that.

Rob Wells, CEO of YoungWilliams, met Brownback at a fundraiser for the gubernatorial hopeful in 2010. He and his wife went on to donate $2,000 each [7] to Brownback's campaign -- the largest contribution allowed under state financing laws. But this pales in comparison to the $67,500 retainer [8] he paid for GOP lobbyist Austin Barbour's services. Through his lobbyist network, Barbour arranged for a private meeting with Brownback's chief-of-staff David Kensinger (currently under FBI investigation [9] for illegal lobbying) and some of the governor's closest aides. The parties met to discuss child service privatization in the conference room of what used to be the State Treasurer's Vault of the Kansas Statehouse, far from the public spotlight.

A few weeks later, the Brownback administration appointed Trisha Thomas from YoungWilliams as director of child support enforcement after firing her predecessor. It didn't take long for the new director to conclude that "privatization was the quickest way to improve Kansas' child support enforcement performance numbers."

Asked whether there was any research in support of Thomas' project of wholesale privatization, a DCF spokesperson said [10], "No ... It was an informal kind of pitch, I guess; research done, based on her ... experience in other markets."

It is too early yet to say what YoungWilliams will do with Kansas child support enforcement, but if history is any guide, outsourcing vital public services for vulnerable populations to companies that must turn a profit frequently leads to higher costs and worse services. Between 1995 and 2000, privatization behemoth Maximus [11] was in charge of child support enforcement in two Tennessee counties. A report concluded that the company "spent more but collected less money for overdue child support payments in [these] counties, on average, than DHS did in the rest of the state." Sen. Hob Bryan (D-MS) characterized a similar situation simply as "a disaster" for Mississippi families and their kids.

But it is not clear if fact matters to the administration officials pursuing the privatization agenda. Shar Habibi from In the Public Interest notes: "The evidence suggests that expanding the outsourcing of a public service that many Kansas children dearly rely on, was influenced by campaign donations and expensive corporate lobbyists, instead of an objective analysis of what was in the public's best interest."

For more examples of outsourcing run amok, please see CMD's new report Pay to Prey: Governors Facilitate the Predatory Outsourcing of America's Public Services [12] and follow the conversation at #OutsourcingAmerica.